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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltam | om kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltat | ot kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkalteʃ | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕkalt |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəna | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəda | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltət | ogət kot͡ɕkalt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltəm | ʃəm kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkalte | əʃ kot͡ɕkalt |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltna | əʃna kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltda | əʃda kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltət͡ɕ | əʃt kot͡ɕkalt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənam | kot͡ɕkaltən oməl |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənat | kot͡ɕkaltən otəl |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltən | kot͡ɕkaltən ogəl |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənːa | kot͡ɕkaltən onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənda | kot͡ɕkaltən odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənət | kot͡ɕkaltən ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltam əʎe | om kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltat əʎe | ot kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkalteʃ əʎe | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəna əʎe | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəda əʎe | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltət əʎe | ogət kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltam ulmaʃ | om kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltat ulmaʃ | ot kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkalteʃ ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəna ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltət ulmaʃ | ogət kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənam əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənat əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltən əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənːa əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənda əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənət əʎe | kot͡ɕkaltən ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənam ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltənat ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltən ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənːa ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənda ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltənət ulmaʃ | kot͡ɕkaltən ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkalt | it kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltʃe | ənʒe kot͡ɕkalt |
| 1PL: | (kot͡ɕkaltəna) | (ona/ogəna kot͡ɕkalt) |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltsa | ida kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltəʃt | ənəʃt kot͡ɕkalt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltnem | ənem kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltnet | ənet kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltneʒe | əneʒ kot͡ɕkalt |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltnena | ənena kot͡ɕkalt |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneda | əneda kot͡ɕkalt |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneʃt | əneʃt kot͡ɕkalt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | kot͡ɕkaltnem əʎe | ənem kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltnena əʎe | ənet kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltneʒe əʎe | əneʒ kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 1PL: | kot͡ɕkaltnena əʎe | ənena kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneda əʎe | əneda kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneʃt əʎe | əneʃt kot͡ɕkalt əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | kot͡ɕkaltnet ulmaʃ | ənet kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | kot͡ɕkaltneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneda ulmaʃ | əneda kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | kot͡ɕkaltneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt kot͡ɕkalt ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | kot͡ɕkaltaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | kot͡ɕkaltman |
| Active participle: | kot͡ɕkaltʃe |
| Passive participle: | kot͡ɕkaltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | kot͡ɕkaltʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | kot͡ɕkaltdəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | kot͡ɕkaltən |
| Negative gerund: | kot͡ɕkaltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | kot͡ɕkaltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | kot͡ɕkaltmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | kot͡ɕkaltʃəla |
| Nominalization: | kot͡ɕkaltmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | kot͡ɕkaltdəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||